Understanding Critical Soil Relationships - Carbon, Nitrogen, Organic Matter and Biology

 

When soils are functionally balanced, the soil biological community is constantly working hard not only to meet the plants short-term nutritional needs, but also enhance the soil microenvironment to insure plant health in the long-term. As managers of turf we are sometimes either impatient or feel obligated to catalyze many of these natural occurring processes with the intention of improving plant health. It is the unintentional consequences that sometimes can work against us.

Plant health is a direct function of the soil environment that immediately surrounds the roots – i.e. the rhizoshere. This dynamic zone is where critical interactions between plant and biology take place. Plants exchange exudates rich in sugars, amino acids and organic acids providing food for microorganisms. Microorganisms return the favor by supplying essential nutrients and other growth regulating substances directly back to the plant.
 

Along with plant exudates, microbes depend on both nitrogen and soil carbon for energy and for building structural components. The storehouse for both carbon and other essential nutrients is soil organic matter. The ability of microorganisms to slowly decompose active organic residues is important in mineralizing essential nutrients but also critical in the production of humus, that part of organic matter that is impervious to additional decomposition. Humus can dramatically improve structure, increase nutrient exchange capacity and enhance the water holding capacity of soils. Humus also provides important soil buffers to protect plant roots from soil pathogens and parasites.

Maintaining adequate soil carbon is the buffer that regulates the decomposition rate of organic residues by microbes, all the while protecting the mutualistic relationship it enjoys with the plant. Excess applications of synthetic fertilizer can reduce plant exudate production and diminishes the importance of naturally occurring nitrogen fixing bacteria. Without the benefit of plant exudates, microorganisms will begin feeding on exogenous soil nitrogen and begin the process of aggressively decomposing organic residues. Rapid breakdown of organic residues results in the volatilization of carbon (carbon dioxide) and nitrogen (ammonia) in favor of stable soil carbon, nitrogen and other humic substances beneficial to plant and soil health. The rapid recycling of carbon eventually results in a depleted soil unable to sustain a balanced functional biological community. Additional synthetic nitrogen applications will only serve to provide minimal plant uptake, dramatically increase nutrient loss through leaching and reduce the presence and activities of beneficial microorganisms. This condition is commonly referred to as “soil nitrogen burn-out”.

Managing the ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen is the key in controlling the process of building valuable soil organic matter and protecting the important contributions of rhizobacteria, mycorrhizae and other beneficial microbes. The ideal soil C to N ratio is 20:1, making carbon based inputs the dominate player in building a balanced soil. All natural organic and synthetic organic fertilizers have a carbon component, but not all meet the ideal soil C to N ratio. Meals are predominantly protein (16% nitrogen) and are closer to a 6:1, which favors excess nitrogen accumulation in the soil. Sludge is typically cooked at high temperatures, striating proteins and making them virtually unavailable as a practical carbon source. A good humified compost organic has a favorable C to N ratio (25:1) along with the added benefit of containing natural living biology (i.e. bacteria, fungi, protozoa, beneficial nematodes).

Healthy Grow http//www.healthy-grow.com/  represents a poultry compost derived from Pearl Valley egg production in Pearl City, IL. The indoor composting process is what separates the Healthy Grow product from others; producing a clean, granulated (90-180 SGN), homogenous, ammonia-free product that is very user and soil friendly. The base compost is 90% organic (OMERI certified) with a high contribution of carbon along with organic sources of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and other minerals making this the ideal product to energize and balance depleted soils.
 

Considering its natural ability to sustain carbon and support biological activity in the soil, Healthy Grow’s ability to feed soil biology fits nicely into the bio-inoculation concept of Holganix http://www.holganix.com/. Hence, Healthy Grow plus Holganix was created www.holganix.com/holganix-granular-with-healthy-grow. The combination of these two products provides all the benefits of a well composted organic fertilizer along with diverse beneficial biology, additional high carbon food and soil supplements contributed from Holganix. It gives end users an additional opportunity to experience the biological enhancement of Holganix but with a sustainable food source and all the additional soil building benefits of carbon, ultimately making the soils work for us.